---
title: "Mi ara Msefhamen Yixṣimen"
description: "Ilaboratwaren n frontier bdan qqaren yiwen n wawal ɣef usenqes n tazzla. Tikebbaniyin ur nettemyeqbal ara ur ttemlilint ara ɣef yiwet n tikti mbla sebba. Umezruy yesɛa awal i talɣa-agi, yerna werǧin tfukk s lxir i uɣref."
canonical: https://www.askgib.com/kab/articles/when-rivals-agree
last-updated: 2026-09-14
lang: kab
---
# Mi ara Msefhamen Yixṣimen
> Ilaboratwaren n frontier bdan qqaren yiwen n wawal ɣef usenqes n tazzla. Tikebbaniyin ur nettemyeqbal ara ur ttemlilint ara ɣef yiwet n tikti mbla sebba. Umezruy yesɛa awal i talɣa-agi, yerna werǧin tfukk s lxir i uɣref.
By Gibril Bachouchi. Filed 2026-09-14. 8 min read. Web page: https://www.askgib.com/kab/articles/when-rivals-agree
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Kra n tɣawsa tamxalaft teḍerru deg uqerru n tmeguri n AI.
Ilaboratwaren n frontier bdan ttmeslayen ɣef usenqes n tazzla. Lfaṛeg ɣezzifen gar tuffɣiwin (releases). Ugar n usekyed uqbel ad yeffeɣ umudam. Drus n tazzla, ugar n usgunfu. Yerna, deg yiwen n nnefs, ssuturen i yidewlan ad ddun yid-sen ɣef yiwet n tmuɣli.
Tigi d tikebbaniyin i yettakren imnadiyen wa i wa, i yettcetkin wa ɣef wa deg tmeḥkemt, yerna i yesseffaɣen isallen wa mgal wa deg yiɣmisen. Qrib ur msefhamen ɣef kra. Yerna tura, deg kra n wagguren kan, akk wwḍen ɣer yiwet n tikti.
D aḥric-agi i yi-iceɣben. Mačči d asenqes n tazzla. D amsefhem.
Mi ara bdun yimdanen ur nettemyeḥmal ara qqaren yiwen n wawal deg yiwet n tikkelt, s lɛadda llant snat n sebbat kan.
Tamezwarut: ssnen kra ur nessin ara nekni.
Tis snat: lfayda-nsen tuɣal d yiwet. Ula d yiwen ur yemsefham d wayeḍ. Akal yembeddal ddaw-sen meṛṛa deg yiwet n tikkelt, yerna yiwet n tikli tuɣal d tikli ifazen i yal yiwen deg-sen. Ula d iɛdawen zemren ad ɣren ṭṭabla n urar. Mi ara yili yiwen n webrid iban d win ara ten-yeǧǧen ad kemmlen rrbeḥ, akk ad ddun deg-s, yerna ur ḥwaǧen ara ad myeḥmalen akken ad t-xedmen.
Tuget n tikwal, d cwiṭ seg snat. Ihi hatent snat n teqsiḍin i zemreɣ ad d-ḥkuɣ, yerna ayɣer i ɣileɣ belli snat-nsent d tidet.
Frontier tewweḍ ɣer wanda rrbeḥ yettneqqis (diminishing returns).
Ilaboratwaren mazal ssenernayen imudam-nsen. Maca mačči s tazzla i tḥesb ssuq. Aselmed (training) yeswa imelyaren. Imsentayen ṭṭamaɛen yal tasuta ad tili d aneggez ɣef tin i tt-id-yezwaren, yerna ineggzen-agi uɣalen weɛṛen ad ttwaskanen. Amudam i d-yewwin kra n tnaqiḍin ugar deg benchmark ur d-yettak ara sebba i wazal n tkebbanit (valuation) i yuɣalen sin imuren.
Deg umaḍal-nni, "nessenqas tazzla ɣef tɣellist" d tafyirt yesɛan azal aṭas. Tettarra ssqef atikniki d afran n wul (moral choice). Teḥrez azal n tkebbanit, teḥrez idrimen, yerna teṭṭef takebbanit ɣer beṛṛa n ssuq n yizmal alamma teẓra ma yella tazlagt (curve) mazal-itt d tazlagt.
Ma yella d aya i iḍerrun, asenqes n tazzla mačči d aɣtas. D aglam, yelsa lqecc n uɣtas.
Anemgal. Ilaboratwaren sɛan kra yifen aṭas wayen yellan, yeqqim ɣur-sen deg daxel, yerna ur bɣin ara ad t-id-ssufɣen.
Yif-it deg uxemmem s yiman-is. Yif-it deg tira n tengalt. Yif-it deg usnerni n yiman-is, neɣ deg umsefhem d yinɣalen-is. Ma tessufɣeḍ-t-id s tlelli, tawennaḍt n weights ldin d ilaboratwaren n Ccinwa ad t-zerwen, ad t-alsen, yerna ad t-ssufɣen s umur wis mraw n ssuma deg useggas. Uriɣ-d kra n yimalasen aya ɣef wamek yezzerb tura udewweṛ-agi. Lfaṛeg gar frontier yeɣlaqen d tin yeldin yettwaktal s wagguren.
Ihi lfayda tella deg uḥraz n wayen ifazen deg tiṛuṛt (drawer). Sseqdec-it deg daxel. Eǧǧ-it ad yaru amudam i d-iteddun. Znuzu aweḍ ɣer tseddart i yellan ddaw-s. Yerna ini-d, zdat medden, belli amaḍal ur yewjid ara.
Amagrad aneggaru n Dario Amodei yemmal ɣer webrid-agi. Yebder-d asnerni n yiman s yiman (recursive self-improvement) d tirebbaɛ n yiagentes imunanen (swarms) d imihiyen i yettɛassa. Aya ur d-yenni ara belli yella win yesɛan tamusni tufrint (superintelligence) deg ddaw n uxxam. Yezmer kan ad yini belli walan tikliwin timxalafin deg usekyed armi fehmen belli axeddim-nsen n tɣellist ur yettaẓ ara akken yettaẓ uxeddim-nsen n tazmert. Maca yeqqar-ak-d anda tella lwelha-nsen, yerna mačči ɣef ugni.
Snat n teqsiḍin-agi ur ttmizzilent ara.
Frontier tazayezt tezmer ad teḥbes deg ugni, ma d tin tusligt tkemmel tikli. Amudam i tezmreḍ ad taɣeḍ ass-a yettnerni s leɛqel. Anagraw agensan i t-yesselmaden yettnerni s zzerb. Ilaboratwaren ur skiddiben ara mi qqaren belli ssenqasen tazzla. Kan ur d-qqaren ara anta frontier.
Sdukel-itent yerna amsefhem-agi ur yeḥwaǧ ara amtawi uffir (conspiracy). Yal laboratwar yezga zdat n yiwet n tezlagt n ssuma, yiwen n umihi n unɣal, yiwen n yimsentayen. Yiwet n tikli tuɣal d tikli ifazen i yal yiwen deg-sen. Imdanen ur nezmir ad bedden ɣef yiwet n tesga tfukk-asen d tɣuri n yiwen n uḍris, axaṭer aḍris-nni d ayen kan i d-tettak ṭṭabla n urar.
Tella tɣawsa tis kraḍ i yeffer usenqes n tazzla, yerna ɣileɣ d nettat i d tameqqrant akk.
Aznuzu n umudam ur yetteddu ara. Mačči tura. Ilaboratwaren n Ccinwa znuzun kra iqerben ɣur-s s umur wis mraw n ssuma, yerna ttaken-d weights baṭel. Ur tezmireḍ ara ad tessutreḍ ssuma n frontier ɣef ufaris yesɛan akniw s weights ldin i t-id-iḍefren s kra n wagguren. Ilaboratwaren ẓran aya. Imsentayen-nsen ẓran aya. Ihi idrimen ilaq ad d-kken seg umkan-nniḍen.
Yerna ẓran akken iwata ansi. Kraḍ n yiseggasen aya, yal takebbanit deg umaḍal tessečč-iten s uxeddim-is. Iberdan n unadi n yisafaren (drug discovery). Ahilen n wakud n luzinat. Tibratin tizerfanin (legal briefs). Izraren n usiweḍ (supply chains). Isefka i d-ttaznen yiṛubuten (telemetry). Isiwlen n uznuzu. Tangalt. Ahat mačči isefka izegzawen (raw data), tiwtilin qqarent-d akka. Maca talɣa n uxeddim: anwa isteqsiyen i d-ttusteqsayen, anta tiririyin i yettwaqeblen, anda yeqqen webrid (bottleneck), amek tettban tririt yelhan. Wagi d uddis n uselmed (training set) yesɛan azal akk deg umezruy, yerna d imsaɣen i t-id-yejmɛen baṭel.
Ihi tikli i d-iteddun tban. Ḥbes aznuzu n tmusni s token, bdu aznuzu n tɣawsa i ɣef yettwaseqdec token-nni. Laboratwar i iwalan mraw n yigiman n terbaɛin n biotech (tatiknulujit n tudert) xeddment ur yeḥwaǧ ara ad yeznuz i biotech. Yezmer ad yili d biotech. Akken daɣen i tmeguri, iṛubuten, azref, idrimen, asiweḍ (logistics). Yal yiwen deg-sen d ssuq yugaren ttjara n API, yerna yal yiwen deg-sen yettwaḥrez s tmusni i yesɛa yakan laboratwar.
D wagi i d udem n "usnerni deg daxel" mi ara t-twaliḍ seg beṛṛa. Drus n tuffɣiwin tizuyaz. Ugar n yifarisen n yal taɣult (vertical). Ticriktin i yettuɣalen d timesɣiwin (acquisitions) i yettuɣalen d ixṣimen. Imsaɣen n 2024 ttuɣalen d iswan n 2027.
Ula d yiwen ur yessenqas tazzla mbla sebba. Tessenqaseḍ tazzla uqbel tuzzya.
Yerna tarbaɛt n yixṣimen i yeṭṭfen akk yiwet n tuzzya deg yiwen n wakud, sakin ssuturen i udabu ad yezzi yid-sen? Umezruy yesɛa awal i waya. Mačči d "taɣellist".
Ur qqareɣ ara belli yella win yezemlen kra. Qqareɣ-d belli talɣa-agi nessen-itt, yerna yal tikkelt i d-tban, tettwaznuz s kraḍ n wawalen-agi: tazdegi, taɣellist, aseggem.
**1557, asiggez.** Legliz tefka i Stationers' Company turagt tagellidt (royal charter). Imsiggzen ttawin-d asiggez i yiman-nsen kan (monopoly). Agellid yettawi-d yiwet n tdukli i yettɛassan yal tamacint n usiggez deg tmurt, yerna teqqar-d wid ur nesɛi turagt. Snat n tamiwin qqarent-as aseggem. Aɣref yettawi-d idlisen s turagt kan 138 n yiseggasen, alamma teɣli lqanun n turagt deg 1695. "Amaḍal ur yewjid ara" d tafyirt akk taqburt deg udlis.
**1815, Turuft.** Rrusya, Lutric d Prussia, i yesɛeddan tasuta deg ṭṭrad wa mgal wa, gan Holy Alliance, tadukli iqedsen. Deg 1819, Carlsbad Decrees rran-d imɛassen n wawal deg tesdawiyin d yiɣmisen. Tigeldiwin ixṣimen msefhament ɣef yiwet n tɣawsa: ula d yiwen ddaw-sent ur ilaq ad yezmer ad yeddukel d wiyaḍ. Wid ur neqbil ttwanfan, ttwaḥebsen neɣ ttwaḍeggren ɣer rrif. Yeṭṭef alamma d 1848, mi yekker umenẓaw meṛṛa deg yiwet n tikkelt.
**1892, iberdan n wuzzal.** Imeqqranen n yiberdan n wuzzal kkan-d ad ten-id-yeḥkem yiwen umsuddes (regulator), Interstate Commerce Commission. Richard Olney, d abugaṭu n webrid n wuzzal ara yuɣalen d Attorney General, yura i uselway n yiwet n tkebbanit n webrid n wuzzal belli tasqamut-nni "tessers aɛeggeḍ n uɣref" i usenqed ma d asenqed-nni yeqqim "qrib d isem kan". Tanaḍt-is: ur ssexṣar ara tasqamut. Sseqdec-itt. Tabrat-nni d arra n lsas n yal tameguri i yessutren ad tt-id-ḥekmen yilugan i tɛawen ad ttwarun.
**1924, tiftilin.** Osram, Philips d General Electric, ixṣimen deg kraḍ n yimenẓawen, gan takartilt (cartel) n Phoebus. Msefhamen belli ulac taftilt ara idumen ugar n walef n yisragen, yerna ttxelliṣen wa i wa lexṭiyya mi ara tedum yiwet. Znuzan-t s yisem n yiwet n telɣa i wakk (standardisation). Tiftilin dumment 2,500 n yisragen uqbel. Imsaɣen xellṣen lxilaf-nni xemseṭṭac n yiseggasen, alamma yerẓa ṭṭrad takartilt.
**1954, ddexxan.** Imeqqranen n tmeguri n ddexxan ssufɣen-d yiwen n "Frank Statement", tabrat n tidet, sdukklen, yerna xellṣen yiwet n tesqamut n unadi tacrikt. Ixṣimen, akken ma llan, ɛuhden ad zerwen s tidet asteqsi n tezmert. Ḍefren-d rebɛin n yiseggasen n "ilaq ugar n unadi". Deg 1994, sebɛa n yimeqqranen n tkebbaniyin qqimen deg yiwen n udur zdat Congress yerna ggullen, yiwen deffir wayeḍ, belli nikutin ur teṭṭef ara amdan (not addictive). Anadi n tɣellist acrik, d netta i d aɛeṭṭel.
**1969, tikerrusin.** Aɣlif n Tɣedmt n Marikan yeccetka ɣef General Motors, Ford, Chrysler d tdukli-nsen n ttjara, axaṭer msefhamen, seg 1953, ad ssenqasen tazzla n usnerni d usufeɣ n wallalen mgal usluɣ (pollution). Tefra s umtawi (consent decree), mbla ma qbilen lɛib, mbla tamḥekemt. Kraḍ n yixṣimen, yiwet n tazzla, mraw d sḍis n yiseggasen n uḍu yesluɣen (smog).
Yal tadyant tesɛa yiwen n semmus n yiḥricen. Ixṣimen msefhamen. Ssuturen i udabu ad yemsefhem yid-sen. Ssebba i d-ttaken d taɣellist, tazdegi neɣ aseggem. Lfatura tettruḥ ɣer uɣref. Yerna wid ur neqbil ttwaḥesben d ugur.
Yal tikkelt yettfakka. Yal tikkelt yettfakka s leɛḍil, yerna aɣref yal tikkelt yettxelliṣ lfaṛeg-nni.
Yiwen umeqqran deg Archer Daniels Midland, i ttwaṭṭfen deg usekles mi yesbadu ssuma n lysine deg yiseggasen n 1990, yenna-d s ṣṣut ɛlayen ayen qqaren s tuffra: axṣim d ameddakel-nneɣ, amsaɣ d aɛdaw-nneɣ. Ur ɣileɣ ara belli yella win deg laboratwar n frontier ara d-yinin akka. Ur ɣileɣ ara daɣen belli yesɛa azal wayen ara d-inin. Tikartilin ur bnint ara s yimcumen. Bnint s lfayda, yerna lfayda dagi meṛṛa tettmal ɣer yiwen n webrid.
Ihi d acu ara yawi seg waya umdan amagnu, neɣ takebbanit tamagnut?
Mačči belli ilaboratwaren d imcumen. Belli d ilaboratwaren. Ad xedmen am yal tameguri yeddukklen deg kra n yifassen uqbel-nsen, yerna tiririt iṣeḥḥan d tin i yellan yal tikkelt: senqes acḥal i teṭṭfeḍ deg-sen.
Isali yelhan: tagi d takartilt tamezwarut deg umezruy i yettazzalen yakan ufaris-is seg yidisan. Weights ldin llan. Ilaboratwaren n Ccinwa ssufuɣen-d imudam iqerben ɣer frontier s umur wis mraw n ssuma, yerna srusun weights ɣef internet. Amudam i yemsawan d wayen i teznuz frontier aseggas iɛeddan yeddu ɣef laptop aseggas-agi. Takartilt tezmer ad tessenqes tazzla n wayen teznuz. Ur tezmir ara ad tessenqes tazzla n wayen ur tesɛi ara.
Yella umedya i waya daɣen. Deg yiseggasen n 1990, idewlan d kra n tkebbaniyin bɣan ad ḥekmen deg uwgelhen aǧehdan (strong encryption). Agdal n usufeɣ, tasarut yettwaḥerzen ɣer udabu (key escrow), yiwet n tcibant deg yal tilifun s tsarut n zyada i udabu. Sakin yiwen umeskar n tengalt yessufeɣ-d allal-is n uwgelhen d aɣbalu yeldin, tangalt-nni tettwasiggez deg yiwen udlis, yerna amennuɣ yefra. Ass-a yal yiwen yesɛa awgelhen aǧehdan yerna ula d yiwen ur yessutur turagt. Weights ldin d tikli-nni s timmad-is, yiwet n tetiknulujit mbaɛd.
Tilelli dagi d ayen yettwaṭṭafen s ufus. Sselkem amudam i tezmreḍ ad d-tsidreḍ (download). Ḥrez isefka-k anda i tezmreḍ ad ten-tawḍeḍ. Bnu ɣef tseddart i tezmreḍ ad tbeddleḍ. Ḥseb yal API yeɣlaqen d taxxamt i tekriḍ, mačči d axxam.
Nekk bennuɣ ɣef yimudam-agi, ihi mačči d amaẓray ur nesɛi idis. Maca ɣileɣ d isali yelhan i yal win ibennun, yerna ad t-id-iniɣ ula ma ur bennuɣ ara.
Ma yella asnerni yessenqas tazzla, allalen yebnan ɣef yimudam n wass-a ad sɛun akud akken ad wwen. Asnas, agent, harness ad sɛun akud akken ad gerrzen, ad afen imseqdacen-nsen, ad uɣalen d tannumi uqbel ad yembeddal wakal tikkelt-nniḍen. Kraḍ n yiseggasen aya, yal afaris yebnan ɣef umudam yettwaru tikkelt-nniḍen yal sḍis n wagguren. Tazzla s leɛqel d tikkelt tamezwarut ideg wid ibennun ad zemren ad fakken kra.
Ma yella asnerni ur yessenqas ara tazzla, yeffer kan, ihi ayen yellan d nadra mačči d tamusni. D laman. Asekyed, aɣbalu, laman deg tririt, aḥkam. Iberdan akken ad teẓreḍ ayɣer i yewweḍ unagraw ɣer tririt yerna ma ilaq ad tt-tamneḍ. Akken yettimɣur umudam yellan deg tiṛuṛt, akken yettimɣur wazal n tseddart-nni, axaṭer ula d yiwen ur yesselkam anagraw ur yezmir ad t-yesnqed.
Yerna ma yella frontier tetteddu am tkartilt, ihi tilelli d tameẓlit i ara xellṣen medden. Mačči d tikti. D aḍman (insurance).
Ma ṭṭfeɣ tamuɣli-w s tidet, tbeddel ayen ara bnuɣ.
**Ḥseb amudam d aḥric, mačči d afaris.** Ad yettwabeddel. Snat n tikkal. Bnu akken abeddel-is ad yili d abeddel n twila (config), mačči d tira tikkelt-nniḍen, yerna akken ayen i xellṣen yimseqdacen ad yeddar deffir ubeddel.
**Ḥrez tawwurt n tuffɣa s weights ldin.** Yal tameẓlit ilaq ad tesɛu lqem i yeddun ɣef umudam i tezmreḍ ad d-tsidreḍ, ula ma diri-t cwiṭ. Ass ideg ara yebeddel umefki yeɣlaqen (provider) tiwtilin-is, ssuma-s neɣ ilugan-is, ilaq ad teẓreḍ yakan d acu ara tesruḥeḍ d wacu ara teḥrzeḍ.
**Ur sselmad ara i umefki-k ttjara-k.** Ayen i tceggɛeḍ ɣer API yeɣlaqen d ayen i yelmed. Ḥrez iḥricen i k-yerran d kečč, isefka-k, iberdan-ik n uxeddim, isekyaden-ik (evals), ɣef wallalen i tḥekmeḍ, yerna ceggeɛ axeddim amagnu ɣer beṛṛa. Amefki-k d axṣim n uzekka, yezwar-ik s tikli i txellṣeḍ kečč.
**Znuzu asenqed, mačči tiririt kan.** Yal amudam yezmer ad d-yefk tiririt. Sken-d ansi i d-tekka, acḥal i yetḥeqqeq unagraw, d wacu i imuqel. Tiririt d sselɛa tamagnut. Aṛeṣu (receipt) d afaris.
**Err allal d tannumi uqbel lmuja i d-iteddun.** Asgunfu deg frontier d asfaylu. Sseqdec-it akken ad tuɣaleḍ d amagnu: yettwattkal fell-as, yezzerb, yeddukel d yimukan anda xeddmen yakan medden. Ayen yellan d amagnu d ayen idumen.
**Ḥseb belli amudam ifazen mačči d win i tezmreḍ ad taɣeḍ.** Bnu i wass ideg ara d-yers unagraw iǧehden aṭas s ulɣu amecṭuḥ kan. Ifarisen ara yeddren ass-nni d wid yessnen yakan amek ara snqden, ad sbedden tilisa yerna ad d-sfehmen ayen yellan ddaw-sen.
Ilaboratwaren ad kemmlen ad qqaren belli ssenqasen tazzla. AI ur teḥbis ara. Weights ldin ad kemmlen ad ttaẓen ɣur-s. Frontier ad tkemmel tikli, deg tafat neɣ deg ṭṭlam. Mi ara msefhamen yixṣimen, tiririt iṣeḥḥan mačči d amen ugar deg-sen. D tuḥwiǧt-nsen drus.