---
title: "Akmis i d-yeddun: acuɣer ayen i llan ddaw uḍar yezmer ad ibedd"
description: "Akmis mačči d ttuṭṭi, d unagraw anmeggag icuḥeḍ s yimal n trilliwen n micro-organismes. Ad asnefra ad nesnefham ayen i d-yeddi ddaw uḍar iwakken ad nbnuḍ tiririt n tɣdayt."
canonical: https://www.askgib.com/kab/articles/the-living-soil
last-updated: 2026-01-12
lang: kab
---

# Akmis i d-yeddun: acuɣer ayen i llan ddaw uḍar yezmer ad ibedd

> Akmis mačči d ttuṭṭi, d unagraw anmeggag icuḥeḍ s yimal n trilliwen n micro-organismes. Ad asnefra ad nesnefham ayen i d-yeddi ddaw uḍar iwakken ad nbnuḍ tiririt n tɣdayt.

By Gibril Bachouchi. Filed 2026-01-12. 2 min read. Web page: https://www.askgib.com/kab/articles/the-living-soil

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<Chapter n="1" title="Akmis i d-yeddun: acuɣer ayen i llan ddaw uḍar yezmer ad ibedd" />

Deqs n yimdanen ɣur-sen tikti belli akmis d ameṛṛu yettwaẓem, d wayen i nezzi ɣefk-id, d acu i yettɛedmen deg tudrin, d wayen i yeddu yettwahlu ticki ittal. Di tidet, lǧihat acebḥan medden aṭas.

Yiwen n tessa n akmis iḍellis ɣef ukalas i yettwasnus, yegber ugar n micro-organismes i d-yellan medden deg umaḍal. Igerdanen, tifuna, protozoaires, nematodes, akked insekten n zdat igguren deg d εamed n tallunt i yettuɣalen-d asfel n wagguren, aḥraz n waman, ḥraz n carbon, akked asekka n yimakṛanen. Mi nennuɣ ɣef "akmis igellulen", d leḥqiq nniḍen i d-nerri.

<Lens />

Taseddart n **soil food web** yettwaslen s Elaine Ingham deg iseggassen 80-90. Texdem amzun: yal amdan deg akmis yettaqdeq wayen, yerna yeffeɣ wayen. Igerdanen ad sserḥen tibɣa n wayen yelsa. Protozoaires ad ççḍun igerdanen baṭel, ad srefqen nitrogen deg umasal i yeqqimen idurar. Tifuna ad srɛun aserad n teẓrin akken ad d-yeffuɣen-d ɣer yiḍen n yizirig.

<FoodWeb />

Abrid-agi yettṚaḥu ticki akmis d aḥeccey. Aḍu, fertilisants n tgezmi, pesticides, ma yeddu, d amkan n tmagit-a. Lexlaṣ ur yettuɣal ara kan deg wadekker; i d-yerran-d tameẓla n tiɣram n waman, aḍu n tmurt, aḥeccey ugar n fertilisants (acku asekkek n yimakṛanen yegg), akked iḍaren ur yezmir ara ad ṣbeṛ.

<Trade>

<Step>

Yiwen seg ugza imeqqren deg biolojia n akmis d **taneɣruft mycorrhizal** gar tifuna akked ifecka n yiḍen. Ugar n 90% n yizirigen n tmurt ttɛeqlen tajmilt-a. Tifuna ad issefsu ixfawen i d-ttnadi ɣef ubrid n tipsar, i gmaḍ-asen tallunt n waman akked phosphorus s waṭas n tikkal.

</Step>

<Step>

Deg turn, azrir ad yezzi-d carbon i tifuna, ar 30% n carbon i yettwasireg s usfel ad yeffeɣ ar yixfawen-nsent. D tajmilt yettcebbeḥ iɣersan, maca lḥeqq nnsent d ameqqran: izirigen i yesɛan tilleli n mycorrhiza ad ilin aṭas n tḥemt, ad ṣebren iferdisen, ad sɛun arraten n phosphorus iɣersi.

</Step>

<Step>

Macan: fertilisants n phosphorus i d-ttsuqen ad sqerzen tajmilt-a. Mi yettafeɣ phosphorus, azrir ur yezmir ara ad yesɛu asebbeq n tifuna. Aya d yiwen seg wayen i d-yeglu s lexlaṣ n tuɣac n uzref n agriculture: tamalalt tettwaḥbes, imi lexlaṣ yeddu-m-d, ad yesṛu lexlaṣ ugar, yerna ad tcemcet akal nniḍen.

</Step>

</Trade>

Deg wezzin n imeẓla, leɛdil yettuḥɛer ɣef kemya n nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, akked pH. Soil organic matter (SOM) yella, maca ur yelli ara d amezwer.

Tura iḥder-agi yebna-d. Carbon organique n tmurt yesɛa tikti akk deg wazalen n akmis. SOM ugar i d-yettili d acu i d-yekker:

- Taḥerzit n waman (1% n usureg n SOM ad isirig azal n 20,000 gallons n waman i yal acre)
- Aṭas n umɣiras n imakṛanen yerna taɣeṛdayt
- Asnersi n taɣeṛdayt (tsaḍa n akmis)
- Talɣut taɣezfant

<Sponge />

Tigawt n tɣellist, cover crops, lewen n tilli, tasɛara n composte, rotation imeclacan: akk deg-sen afus i usefrek n SOM. Mačči d lexlaṣ i tett-fras kan deg waggur, maca lkaɛid deg iseɣgassen akked iseggassen igezmen aṭas.

<Chapter n="2" title="Ma tessefren akal, taxxemt, ageṛdaniw, aɣir assekhrem, neɣ kra-nniḍen, kra n timsizal ad d-awin azal:" />

1. **Esḥeqq akmis seg wamyuqar.** Yal tikkelt i yettwasenqed tilli, tesseɣtiḍ aggal n tifuna, tesenduḍ SOM. Ma tezmireḍ ɣef no-till neɣ tsemɛiḍ tikeffalin, tabliḍt-a ad tkecmeḍ.

2. **Ccekkes akmis.** Akmis deg warrac d udem amellal ur yesɛi tudert. Cover crops, mulch, neɣ xetta igguren llan d ifassen.

3. **Gzuṛ imakṛanen, mačci kan ifecka.** Compost, aɣmara, mulch zzeɣ-yeḍran, akk d lexlaṣ i yemdel i yimakṛanen. Fertilisants n tgezmi ad mdent ifecka, maca aṭas n tikkal tteḥbesen asesfer n yimakṛanen.

4. **Ẓerṛbeḍ.** Lexṣar n tmurt deg-s yiseggasen, mači deg imir i d-tettwaliḍ. Lɣaci i d-ittwakkes d wayen i yefka tasiregt.

Akmis yeḍṛi lxedma tameqrant i nukni, tafuẓ yakan d tezger. Fhem-it d amezwaru wass i wakken ad tessefren akal s tarrayt ur d-yesebḍen ara adrim ugar n wayen yuɣal.