Akmis i d-yeddun: acuɣer ayen i llan ddaw uḍar yezmer ad ibedd

Akmis i d-yeddunacuɣer ayen i llan ddaw uḍar yezmer ad ibedd

Deqs n yimdanen ɣur-sen tikti belli akmis d ameṛṛu yettwaẓem, d wayen i nezzi ɣefk-id, d acu i yettɛedmen deg tudrin, d wayen i yeddu yettwahlu ticki ittal. Di tidet, lǧihat acebḥan medden aṭas.

Yiwen n tessa n akmis iḍellis ɣef ukalas i yettwasnus, yegber ugar n micro-organismes i d-yellan medden deg umaḍal. Igerdanen, tifuna, protozoaires, nematodes, akked insekten n zdat igguren deg d εamed n tallunt i yettuɣalen-d asfel n wagguren, aḥraz n waman, ḥraz n carbon, akked asekka n yimakṛanen. Mi nennuɣ ɣef "akmis igellulen", d leḥqiq nniḍen i d-nerri.

Under the lensOne teaspoon of healthy soil

Move the lens

It holds more microorganisms than there are people on Earth. Drag the lens, or pick a group.

Taseddart n soil food web yettwaslen s Elaine Ingham deg iseggassen 80-90. Texdem amzun: yal amdan deg akmis yettaqdeq wayen, yerna yeffeɣ wayen. Igerdanen ad sserḥen tibɣa n wayen yelsa. Protozoaires ad ççḍun igerdanen baṭel, ad srefqen nitrogen deg umasal i yeqqimen idurar. Tifuna ad srɛun aserad n teẓrin akken ad d-yeffuɣen-d ɣer yiḍen n yizirig.

The soil food webEverything eats, everything is eaten

Tap any member of the web.

Disturb it:

Abrid-agi yettṚaḥu ticki akmis d aḥeccey. Aḍu, fertilisants n tgezmi, pesticides, ma yeddu, d amkan n tmagit-a. Lexlaṣ ur yettuɣal ara kan deg wadekker; i d-yerran-d tameẓla n tiɣram n waman, aḍu n tmurt, aḥeccey ugar n fertilisants (acku asekkek n yimakṛanen yegg), akked iḍaren ur yezmir ara ad ṣbeṛ.

Yiwen seg ugza imeqqren deg biolojia n akmis d taneɣruft mycorrhizal gar tifuna akked ifecka n yiḍen. Ugar n 90% n yizirigen n tmurt ttɛeqlen tajmilt-a. Tifuna ad issefsu ixfawen i d-ttnadi ɣef ubrid n tipsar, i gmaḍ-asen tallunt n waman akked phosphorus s waṭas n tikkal.

Deg turn, azrir ad yezzi-d carbon i tifuna, ar 30% n carbon i yettwasireg s usfel ad yeffeɣ ar yixfawen-nsent. D tajmilt yettcebbeḥ iɣersan, maca lḥeqq nnsent d ameqqran: izirigen i yesɛan tilleli n mycorrhiza ad ilin aṭas n tḥemt, ad ṣebren iferdisen, ad sɛun arraten n phosphorus iɣersi.

Macan: fertilisants n phosphorus i d-ttsuqen ad sqerzen tajmilt-a. Mi yettafeɣ phosphorus, azrir ur yezmir ara ad yesɛu asebbeq n tifuna. Aya d yiwen seg wayen i d-yeglu s lexlaṣ n tuɣac n uzref n agriculture: tamalalt tettwaḥbes, imi lexlaṣ yeddu-m-d, ad yesṛu lexlaṣ ugar, yerna ad tcemcet akal nniḍen.

Deg wezzin n imeẓla, leɛdil yettuḥɛer ɣef kemya n nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, akked pH. Soil organic matter (SOM) yella, maca ur yelli ara d amezwer.

Tura iḥder-agi yebna-d. Carbon organique n tmurt yesɛa tikti akk deg wazalen n akmis. SOM ugar i d-yettili d acu i d-yekker:

Taḥerzit n waman (1% n usureg n SOM ad isirig azal n 20,000 gallons n waman i yal acre)
Aṭas n umɣiras n imakṛanen yerna taɣeṛdayt
Asnersi n taɣeṛdayt (tsaḍa n akmis)
Talɣut taɣezfant

Soil as a spongeEach point of organic matter, more water held

+20,000gallons of water per acre

Soil organic matter: +1%

Tigawt n tɣellist, cover crops, lewen n tilli, tasɛara n composte, rotation imeclacan: akk deg-sen afus i usefrek n SOM. Mačči d lexlaṣ i tett-fras kan deg waggur, maca lkaɛid deg iseɣgassen akked iseggassen igezmen aṭas.

Ma tessefren akal, taxxemt, ageṛdaniw, aɣir assekhrem, neɣ kra-nniḍen, kra n timsizal ad d-awin azal:

Esḥeqq akmis seg wamyuqar. Yal tikkelt i yettwasenqed tilli, tesseɣtiḍ aggal n tifuna, tesenduḍ SOM. Ma tezmireḍ ɣef no-till neɣ tsemɛiḍ tikeffalin, tabliḍt-a ad tkecmeḍ.
Ccekkes akmis. Akmis deg warrac d udem amellal ur yesɛi tudert. Cover crops, mulch, neɣ xetta igguren llan d ifassen.
Gzuṛ imakṛanen, mačci kan ifecka. Compost, aɣmara, mulch zzeɣ-yeḍran, akk d lexlaṣ i yemdel i yimakṛanen. Fertilisants n tgezmi ad mdent ifecka, maca aṭas n tikkal tteḥbesen asesfer n yimakṛanen.
Ẓerṛbeḍ. Lexṣar n tmurt deg-s yiseggasen, mači deg imir i d-tettwaliḍ. Lɣaci i d-ittwakkes d wayen i yefka tasiregt.

Akmis yeḍṛi lxedma tameqrant i nukni, tafuẓ yakan d tezger. Fhem-it d amezwaru wass i wakken ad tessefren akal s tarrayt ur d-yesebḍen ara adrim ugar n wayen yuɣal.